Is there a product that one can put on the outside of a cinder block house to insulate it? I imagine that it would then be covered with stucco to cosmetically finish the project? Yes? No? If so, what?

Synthetic stucco is applied over foam insulation on the outside, but I doubt that you will be able to get sufficient thickness of foam to insulate properly. Foams are generally in the range of R-5 or R-6 per inch of thickness, so you would need 4 inches of thickess, which would be cost-prohibitive and difficult to anchor properly.